The eukaryotic cilium has over 200 different kinds of protein parts, built on a system of microtubules. One of two engines is kinesin-2 which has two “feet” that walk while carrying a load. The cilium is irreducibly complex.
Papyrus 77 is dated 100-225 A.D. and contains fragments of Matthew 23:30-39. Verse 34a reads (Jesus says): “Because of thi[s], look! I se[nd] t[o you pro]phets and sag[es …]”
In Acts 11:28 Luke notes a famine under Claudius Caesar (41-54 AD). The evidence is suggested from Egyptian records for c. 45-46 AD, and Josephus (Ant. 20.2.5. 51-53) during Tiberius Julius Alexander or his predecessor Cuspius Fadus. (C. J. Hemer, 165)
Codex Sinaiticus is dated 330-360 AD and contains the book of Acts and the entire Greek New Testament. In Acts 10:39-40 (below image) Peter says, “We are witnesses of all that he [Jesus] did. And although they killed him … God raised him up on the third day …”
Dead Sea Scrolls 1QIsa(a) (below image) and 1QIsa(b), along with the Masoretic text, read for Isaiah 44:24: anoki yhwh oseh kol “I am Yahweh, who has made all things.”
Photosynthesis is crucial to life and incredibly complex. In the leaves of plants it requires finely tuned enzymes, cofactors, and other biomolecules to facilitate the necessary chemical reactions. It may be an irreducibly complex system.
Cohesin is a multisubunit protein complex molecular machine that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is irreducibly complex.
Dead Sea Scroll 4QGen(b) together with 4QGen(g) read for Genesis 1:1, beresheet bara elohim et hashamayim we’et haarets “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”
The photosynthetic habitable zone of a planet is where photosynthesis can occur. The constraints for photosynthesis are: water quantity, temperature, seasonal variation, mineral availability, light intensity, and CO2 concentration.
Papyrus 75 contains most of Luke and John and is dated 175 to 225 A.D. In the account of the disciple John in 20:24-30, the risen Jesus says to Thomas: “Put your finger here; see my hands…Reach out your hand and put it into my side…”
“Multiple historical sources from antiquity mention the tomb of Jesus and buildings that were placed over it … Eusebius [338 AD] recorded that the rock-cut tomb of Jesus had been covered by a temple to Venus … by Emperor Hadrian around AD 135.” (T. Kennedy, 255)
“[T]he Garden Gate … was eventually uncovered through excavation, linking the archaeological findings of a gate, a garden, and 1st-century tombs … [T]he nearby hill regarded from ancient tradition as the crucifixion site is plausible.” (T. Kennedy, 243)
ClpX is an ATP-dependent molecular machine that unfolds native proteins and translocates unfolded polypeptides into the ClpP complex. ClpX is irreducibly complex.
The Assyrian king Sennacherib (704-681 BC) mentioned the Judean king Hezekiah (726-696 BC; 2 Kings 18:13): u (m).kha-za-qi-a-u KUR.ia-u-da-a-a…“ URU.ur-sa-li-im-mu URU LUGAL-[ti-shu] "Moreover, Hezekiah of the land of Judah ... city of Jerusalem, [his] royal city."
In Exodus 3:14, the Dead Sea Scrolls 4QGen-Exod(a) and 4QExod(b), with the Masoretic text where there are lacunae, read: Then God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM.” And He said, “This is what you are to say to the people of Israel: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”
Papyrus 66 is dated around 200 A.D. and contains most of the book of the account of John. In 8:58, Jesus says to the crowd at the Jerusalem temple, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham existed, I AM.”
The astrosphere habitable zone is where a star’s stellar wind extends far enough to where other habitable zones overlap and is just-right to shield an orbiting planet’s atmosphere and surface from deadly high-energy cosmic radiation.
The ATP synthase machine with rotary motor is able to produce about 100 ATP molecules per second with near-100% efficiency. In humans it produces about 150 pounds of ATP every day, which is used rapidly as energy. ATP synthase is irreducibly complex.
Codex Sinaiticus is dated 330-360 A.D. and contains the entire Greek New Testament. In Acts 5:30,32, Peter and the other apostles testified before the Sanhedrin, "The God of our fathers raised up Jesus ... And we are witnesses of these things.”
Isaiah the prophet (2 Kings 19:20, etc.). A City of David seal reads: lysayh nvy: "Belonging to Yeshayah the Prophet." Found within ten feet of the king Hezekiah royal seal. King Hezekiah of Judah (726-696 BC) was a contemporary of Isaiah.