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22. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Gedaliah son of Pashhur (Jeremiah 38:1). An official of king Zedekiah of Judah (597-586 BC). A City of David bulla discovered in 2008 reads: lgdlyhw bn [p]shwr “Belonging to Gedalyahu, son of [P]ashhur.”

168. Prophecy of the Messiah

Isaiah 53:11 (DSS): “After the suffering of his soul he will see light.“ Matthew 28:5-6 (Codex Sinaiticus): “The angel said to the women, ‘Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen.’”

167. Prophecy of the Messiah

Isaiah 53:8 (Top: LXX Sinaiticus. Middle: Lost tav in Hebrew restored) reads: “For the transgression of my people he was led to death.” Mark 15:20 (Bottom: Codex Vaticanus): “They led him [Jesus] out to crucify him.”

58b. Intelligent Design

V-type ATPase is an ATP-driven rotary molecular motor that is a transmembrane proton pump in all eukaryotic cells. It provides most of the energy needed for transport systems that utilize the proton-motive force generated by ATP hydrolysis.

40. Genesis Flood

The world-wide year-long Flood of Noah’s time left thick layers of sediment across the earth containing billions of fossils which reveal sudden extinction. See, e.g., T. Clarey, Carved in Stone (2020). (Genesis 6-8; Matthew 24:38; Hebrews 11:7; 1 Peter 3:20).

166. Sodom

Sodom (Bab edh-Dhra), Gomorrah (Numeira), Admah (Feifa?) and Zeboiim (Khanazir?) were destroyed at the end of the EB III period (Genesis 19:24; 2 Peter 2:6). The Ebla geographic atlas lists Sodom (Si-da-mu) and Admah (Ad-mu). Another tablet lists Zeboiim (Sa-bi-im).

71. Intelligent Design

The planthopper Issus coeleoptratus nymph has real, mechanical, interdigitating gears near the top of its hindlegs. The purposeful arrangement of parts is reasonably and persuasively explained by reference to an intelligent cause.

165. Prophecy of the Messiah

DSS Isaiah 53:6 reads: “We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him [the Messiah] the iniquity of us all.” 1 Peter 2:24 Codex Sinaiticus: “He [Jesus] Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree …”

75. Eyewitness Testimony

Papyrus 46 dated 125–225 AD for Galatians 2:9 (below), plus codex Sinaiticus, reads: Iakobos kai (kephas) kai Ioannes…dexias edokan emoi..koinonias “James and Peter and John… gave to me [Paul] the right hand…of fellowship”

36. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Jotham (2 Kings 15:38, etc), a king of Judah (758-742 BC) and father of Ahaz, king of Judah (742-726 BC). A bulla reads: l’hz yhwtm mlk yhdh “Ahaz, (son of) Yehotam, king of Judah.” Most scholars agree that this bulla is authentic.

94. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Hezekiah (ca. 715 to 686 BC). A City of David royal bulla (left) found in 8th-7th century debris, reads: lhzqyhu ’hz mlk yhdh "Belonging to Hizqiyahu (son of) Achaz, king of Judah." Jar handle seal (right) first issued during Hezekiah.

104. Pool of Bethesda

John wrote about a Bethesda pool with five porticoes. Excavations revealed a rectangular pool bounded by porticoes on four sides, with the fifth portico separating the upper and lower pools. The northern pool section was a reservoir, the southern a mikveh.

15b. Isaiah the Prophet

Isaiah/Yeshayah the Prophet (ca. 760-680 BC). A City of David seal reads: lysayh nvy: "Belonging to Yeshayah the Prophet." The spelling for prophet is also found in Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa(a) for Isaiah 28:7 and 1QDeut(a) for Deuteronomy 13:4.

164. Prophecy of the Messiah

“I gave my back to those who beat me … I did not hide my face from insults and spitting.” (DSS Isaiah 50:6) “Then they spit in his [Jesus] face and struck him.” (Matthew 26:67 codex Vaticanus); “… he [Pilate] had Jesus flogged.” (Matthew 27:26).

161b. Prophecy of the Messiah

Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa(a) for Isaiah 53:12b: “He poured out his life to death, and was numbered with transgressors …” Mark 15:27 (codex Sinaiticus): “And with him [Jesus] they crucified two robbers …”

156. Prophecy of the Messiah

“… and his name is called Wonder of a Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace.” (Isaiah 9:6). Jesus says to the crowd at the Jerusalem temple, "Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham existed, I AM.” (John 8:58).

62b. New Testament Reliability

The original New Testament autographs have been reconstructed to a high degree of confidence from the 5,500+ Greek and 18,130+ non-Greek manuscripts and early patristic quotes.

57. Intelligent Design: Animal Algorithms

Animals do not make decisions in a conscious manner as humans, but rely on programmed decision algorithms. For foraging, the algorithms account for the most common situations, to make the most risk-averse decisions.

163. Prophecy of the Messiah

Isaiah 53:5 reads: “But he was pierced for our transgressions … “ John 19:16: “So then he [Pilate] delivered him [Jesus] to be crucified …” Ephesians 1:7: “In him [Jesus] we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses … “

8. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Uzziah/Azariah (2 Chronicles 26:3; king of Judah 787-735 BC). A stone seal reads: lšbnyw bd ‘zyw “Belonging to Shubnayaw, minister of ‘Uzziyaw.” Significant archaeological evidence of biblical earthquake (ca. 750 BC; Amos 1:1; magnitude 8).

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