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36. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Jotham (2 Kings 15:38, etc), a king of Judah (758-742 BC) and father of Ahaz, king of Judah (742-726 BC). A bulla reads: l’hz yhwtm mlk yhdh “Ahaz, (son of) Yehotam, king of Judah.” Most scholars agree that this bulla is authentic.

94. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Hezekiah (ca. 715 to 686 BC). A City of David royal bulla (left) found in 8th-7th century debris, reads: lhzqyhu ’hz mlk yhdh "Belonging to Hizqiyahu (son of) Achaz, king of Judah." Jar handle seal (right) first issued during Hezekiah.

104. Pool of Bethesda

John wrote about a Bethesda pool with five porticoes. Excavations revealed a rectangular pool bounded by porticoes on four sides, with the fifth portico separating the upper and lower pools. The northern pool section was a reservoir, the southern a mikveh.

15b. Isaiah the Prophet

Isaiah/Yeshayah the Prophet (ca. 760-680 BC). A City of David seal reads: lysayh nvy: "Belonging to Yeshayah the Prophet." The spelling for prophet is also found in Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa(a) for Isaiah 28:7 and 1QDeut(a) for Deuteronomy 13:4.

164. Prophecy of the Messiah

“I gave my back to those who beat me … I did not hide my face from insults and spitting.” (DSS Isaiah 50:6) “Then they spit in his [Jesus] face and struck him.” (Matthew 26:67 codex Vaticanus); “… he [Pilate] had Jesus flogged.” (Matthew 27:26).

161b. Prophecy of the Messiah

Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa(a) for Isaiah 53:12b: “He poured out his life to death, and was numbered with transgressors …” Mark 15:27 (codex Sinaiticus): “And with him [Jesus] they crucified two robbers …”

156. Prophecy of the Messiah

“… and his name is called Wonder of a Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace.” (Isaiah 9:6). Jesus says to the crowd at the Jerusalem temple, "Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham existed, I AM.” (John 8:58).

62b. New Testament Reliability

The original New Testament autographs have been reconstructed to a high degree of confidence from the 5,500+ Greek and 18,130+ non-Greek manuscripts and early patristic quotes.

163. Prophecy of the Messiah

Isaiah 53:5 reads: “But he was pierced for our transgressions … “ John 19:16: “So then he [Pilate] delivered him [Jesus] to be crucified …” Ephesians 1:7: “In him [Jesus] we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses … “

8. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Uzziah/Azariah (2 Chronicles 26:3; king of Judah 787-735 BC). A stone seal reads: lšbnyw bd ‘zyw “Belonging to Shubnayaw, minister of ‘Uzziyaw.” Significant archaeological evidence of biblical earthquake (ca. 750 BC; Amos 1:1; magnitude 8).

60. Intelligent Design: The Moon

Because of the anomalously large mass of the Moon relative to Earth, the rotation axis tilt of the Earth varies by only +/- 1.2 degrees. Also, the Moon is the right size to view a perfect eclipse of the Sun and view its chromosphere.

162. Fulfilled Prophecy

Papyrus 13 is dated 225–250 AD, and has portions of the book of Hebrews. Hebrews was written before 70 AD. In 9:28 it reads: “So also, the Messiah was offered once to bear the sins of many …”

161. Prophecy of the Messiah

Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa(a) for Isaiah 53:12b: “He poured out his life to death, and was numbered with transgressors; yet he bore the sins of many, and made intercession for their transgressions.” (See Mark 15:27-28; 1 Corinthians 15:3; Hebrews 9:28)

1. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Ahab (1 Kings 16:28, etc). A king of Israel (874-853 BC). The Kurkh Monolith of Shalmaneser III (859-824 BC), col. 2, lines 91–92, reads: a-ha-ab-bu sir-ila-a-a “Ahab the Israelite.”

160. Genesis Camels

Domesticated camels are mentioned 22 times in Genesis. Though some have argued for a 9th century BC date for Near East domestication, evidence suggests much earlier. Top left: 1800 BC Syria. Top right: 2600 BC Turkmenistan. Bottom: 2400-2200 BC Egypt.

159. Biblical People in Inscriptions

Before the Mesha Stele (840 BC) was damaged in 1869, a paper-mache impression of the inscription was made. Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging, analysis found traces of three letters on line 31, confirming btdwd “house of David.”

77. Biblical Texts: Papyri

Papyrus 13 is dated 225–250 AD, and has portions of the book of Hebrews. Hebrews was written before 70 AD. In 2:17 it reads that Jesus was to: hilaskethai tas hamartias tou laou “make atonement for the sins of the people.”

101. Early Testimony

According to Greek warning inscriptions and Josephus (Ant. 15.417; War 5.193-194; 6.125), a non-Jew entering the inner court of the Jerusalem temple would be in big trouble. The situation in Acts 21:27ff thus accurately reflects a time before 70 A.D.

76. The Bible: Prophecy

In 586 BC Daniel in 9:25-26 prophesied that a coming Messiah would make atonement after a decree, and he would be killed before Jerusalem and the temple are destroyed. The calculations point to 26 or 33 AD, Jesus.

75. Eyewitness Testimony

In Galatians chapter 2 Paul consulted with eyewitnesses of Jesus. Papyrus 46, dated 125–225 A.D., reads: Iakobos kai kephas kai Ioannes…dexias edokan emoi..koinonias “James and Cephas and John… gave to me the right hand…of fellowship”